What distinguishes point-source pollution from non-point source pollution?

Point-source pollution is defined by its origin as being traceable to a specific, identifiable source, such as a factory or a wastewater treatment plant. This means that the pollution emanates from a single point, making it easier to monitor and manage. In contrast, non-point source pollution comes from multiple, diffuse sources that cannot be pinpointed to a single location, such as agricultural runoff or stormwater that gathers pollutants over a wide area before entering a water body.

The key distinguishing factor here is the location of the pollution source, which directly influences how the pollution can be controlled and regulated. Point-source pollution is often subject to stricter regulations because it can be directly monitored and managed at its source, while non-point source pollution requires broader approaches to management due to its scattered origin.

Options based on the type of pollutants released, severity of environmental impact, or cost of remediation do not capture the fundamental difference between point-source and non-point source pollution, as both types can vary widely in these respects. Therefore, the location of the pollution source is the critical aspect that differentiates the two.